Michael Sohn/AP |
If you thought that the Moon revolved around the Earth without altering its trajectory and that it would continue to do so for the next millennia, today you will learn that this is actually not true. Our natural satellite is gradually moving away from the planet and we have been able to see this since 1969, when NASA installed reflective panels on the lunar surface during the Apollo missions. Since then, laser beams have been launched from Earth, which have made it possible to determine precisely the annual rate at which the Moon is moving away from us.
"The moon's retreat from our planet is imperceptible to the human eye."
The first scientist to notice this peculiarity was Edmond Halley almost 300 years ago, who, after studying the records of ancient eclipses, was able to reach this conclusion. This receding is thought to be due to tidal friction in the oceans, which influences the Earth's rotational speed: by slowing it down, the resulting loss of angular momentum is compensated for in the acceleration of the Moon, causing it to move further and further away.
It has now been shown that the Moon is moving away from the Earth at a rate of about 3.8 cm per year. Researchers at the University of Utrecht and the University of Geneva have implemented various methods to determine the Moon's past. The Moon's retreat has been studied several times: in addition to the various theories, there are some new developments. The recent signals were found in ancient rock layers on Earth.
In Western Australia, scientists have found geological evidence 2.5 billion years old. In the sediment layers of Karijini National Park, once deposited on the ocean floor and now found in the Earth's crust, regular intervals of rocks of different thicknesses and shades are identified. These variations in rock patterns may be related to "Milankovitch cycles".
In addition to affecting the Earth's climate over long periods of time, the Milankovitch cycles influence the Moon's distancing, specifically through the climate precession cycle. The Earth's precessional motion, or change of orientation of the Earth's spin axis, has been altered over time. It currently has a 21,000-year cycle, but this period would have been shorter in the past when the Moon was closer to the Earth, the study details.
Firstly, as the Earth's rotational speed decreases, days on Earth will become longer and longer. For another, winters will be much colder and summers much hotter. And due to the reduced gravitational influence of the Moon on the planet, tides would no longer be as strong. Even so, they will still exist, albeit slightly, due to the effect of the Sun.
One thing is certain: we need not worry about its absence, because it will never escape the pull of the Earth. At a certain point, the Moon and the Earth will reach an equilibrium and the Moon will stop moving away.
Source : edition.cnn.com